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Another Continuous Improvement Cycle in Education? We Promise This One is Helpful

National Center on Improving Literacy

This article unpacks how instructional coaching works through a clear, cyclical process designed to support continuous improvement in teaching and learning. Each stage of the cycle is paired with embedded tools and documents to help educators and leaders move from understanding to implementation, making it easier to plan, enact, and sustain effective coaching practices in real classrooms.

Instructional Coaching Continuous Improvement Cycle shows 4 stages: Pre-conference, demonstrations, feedback, and classroom visits.

Instructional coaching distributes finite resources to teachers based on level of need. Coaching implementation data is used to plan job-embedded group learning opportunities. Some teachers may receive more classroom visits and coaching than others. See a breakdown of the steps below with accompanying documents to help scaffold your work with instructional coaches.

Pre-conference

Pre-conference meeting between coach and teacher(s) to outline the purpose of the coach’s classroom visit, such as observing pace of instruction, a specific decoding routine, or small group instruction.

Pre-conference Agenda

Demonstrations

Demonstrations in the classroom are usually the starting point of coaching, with the coach modeling or co-teaching prior to visiting the classroom.

Demonstration Lesson Focus Form

Feedback

Feedback is given as close to the observation as possible, with a formal debrief between coach and teacher, and may include goal-setting and scheduling further observations.

Instructional Coach Feedback Form

Classroom Visits

Classroom visits are used to collect data on teacher implementation to guide feedback. Visits are always non-evaluative.

Classroom Visit Checklist

Putting it All Together

To support implementation of this cycle in day-to-day practice, the Weekly Coaching Plan helps instructional coaches intentionally organize their time across schools, teachers, and stages of the improvement process. Used consistently, the plan supports equitable allocation of coaching resources, protects time for high-leverage practices, and helps coaches, leaders, and educators stay aligned around purposeful, sustained continuous improvement.

Weekly Coaching Plan

Suggested Citation

National Center on Improving Literacy (2024). Instructional Coaching. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, Office of Special Education Programs, National Center on Improving Literacy. Retrieved from https://improvingliteracy.org

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